Author(s): Shyamapada Mandal
This research explores the plasmid mediated antibiotic resistance of river water and sewage wastewater bacteria in Malda (West Bengal state), India. Potential pathogenic bacteria were isolated from Mahananda river water, for which multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) phenotypes ranged from 4-drug resistance (Streptococcus pneumonia and Enterococcus faecalis) to 9-drug resistance (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), municipality sewage wastewater: 7-drug resistance (Klebsiella pneumoneae and Proteus vulgaris) to 11-drug resistance (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and the University sewage wastewater: 7-drug resistance (Enterococcus faecalis) to 12-drug resistance (Escherichia coli). The environmentally isolated bacteria had a single plasmid (≈54 kb) conferring multiple
